IIT Jodhpur was established in 2008 as IIT Rajasthan and began functioning at IIT Kanpur, its mentor institute, with three undergraduate programmes. It was renamed IIT Jodhpur in 2012. The institute acquired 872 acres from the Government of Rajasthan in 2010 for a permanent campus, and moved its activities and staff there from a temporary campus in 2017. Its home page describes a residential permanent campus of 852 acres.
In 2020 it formed two schools, the School of Management and Entrepreneurship and the School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science. The institute’s chronological development document records that student strength passed 6,342 in 2025. Professor Avinash Kumar Agarwal took charge as Director on 1 May 2024.